![]() It employs nearly 75% of the working-age population and has contributed to infrastructure, research, and development investment. The private sector plays a critical role in employment creation and economic growth. ![]() The current pattern of economic growth, which falls short of generating sufficient jobs and livelihood opportunities, must nonetheless address the high unemployment levels (32.6% in Q2:2023) and income poverty. The manufacturing sector’s contribution to economic growth has declined from 22.3% in 1994 to 12% in 2022, while the services sector has grown its contribution to GDP from 57.3% in 1994 to 62.6% in 2022. The economy exhibits high concentration levels across many sectors and significant barriers to entry for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). South Africa remains one of the world´s most unequal countries, marked by significant income disparities and an economy that lacks inclusivity for all economic agents. What can the government-and the private sector-do to stimulate growth, entrepreneurship, and employment in these peri-urban areas? Originally developed as “labour dormitories”, they have been challenging to develop as more vibrant local economies and residential areas. ![]() Nearly half the working-age population and nearly two-thirds of the unemployed live in areas designated as townships under apartheid spatial laws.
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